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Kalubalen Fassarar Labarai A Rediyo

Fassara dai na nufin juya ma'ana daga wani harshe zuwa wani ba tare da canza sakon asali ba.
Ya zama wajibi mai fassara ya zama mutum mai cikakken hankali, da ya mallaki harsunan da yake fassara daga gare su zuwa gare su.

Abin da ake nufi a nan shi ne cewa dole ne mai yin fassara ya san harsunan da zai yi wa fassara, sannan ya yi musu kyakkyawar fahimta; wato ya san harshen da aka yi magana da shi, sannan da wanda zai juya maganar zuwa cikinsa. Misali, wanda zai riƙa yin fassara daga Ingilishi zuwa Hausa dole ya fahimci harshen Hausar da kuma Ingilishi, fahimta kuma ta haƙiƙa.
Sanin al’adu: Dole ne mai yin fassara ya san al’adun waɗanda zai fassara maganar zuwa harshensu. Misali, idan mai fassara zai yi fassara zuwa harshen Hausa, to dole ya san al’adun Hausawa, sani kuma ba na shanu ba.
Haka kuma, dole ne mai yin fassara ya kasance mai zurfafa bincike a fannonin ilimi dan ya samu isassun kalmomin da za su taimaka masa wajen yin kyakkyawar fassara. Amma idan bai fahimci duka wadannan abubuwan ba, babu shakka zai fada rudani da rikici.

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Kome Ya Sa Ake Samun Tasgaro A Fassara?
Abubuwa da yawa na taka rawa wajen gurgunta ma'anar labarin da aka fassara. Hasalima idan mai fassara bai nakalci al'ada da harsunan da yake fassara daga gare su zuwa gare su ba. Sanin asali da muhallin kalma wani karfi ne da zai taimaki mafassari gano in da aka dosa.
Kalmar sanadi ko tushe a turance, ta rarrabu zuwa dakuna da yawa kamar, cause da source da origin da genesis da beginning da sauran su, wadanda gaba daya na da kamanceceniya sai dai ya danganta da muhallin da kowacen su ta samu kanta, domin a harshe babu wata kalma da ta ke daidai da wata dari bisa dari. 

Wannan ma ne dalilin da ya sa ake kiran synonyms a matsayin "words which are almost similar or identical in meaning", wato kalmomi masu matukar kama da juna. Ba a ce kalmomi iri daya ba, domin duk abu biyu dole daya ya sabawa daya koda a launi ne.

Kuma sau da yawa mai fassara kan shiga damuwa idan ya kasa fahimtar wannan, har ma ya shiga kokwanton cewa ta ya zai fassara wasu kalmomi musamman wadanda babu takwararsu a harshen da ya ke fassara cikin sa kamar nemo takwarar kalmar pear a harshen Hausa da takwarar kalmar mango.

Abu ne mai sauki fassara mango a matsayin mangoro kasancewar akwai shi a kasar Hausa duk kuwa da cewa bako ne, kuma an Hausance kalmar ne kawai.
Wato dai akwai muhalli ko sarari da aka ba mai yin fassara na Hausance ko baddala zance cikin nasa ba tare da ya jirkita sakon zuwa wani abu daban ba.

Wani abin lura a nan shi ne, dole ne mai fassara ya yi amfani da 'yancin da aka ba shi na nemo dangin kalma ko wadda za ta iya maye gurbinta ko kuma ya yi amfani da bayani. Sai dai wannan ba ya na nufin ka yi fassarar kama karya ko ta 'yan zamani ba, ta yadda mai fassara zai kira miyar kuka da baobab leaves soup. Akwai wani abu da masana harshe ke kira Sahalewar harshe cikin al'ada da Ingilishi kuma Linguistic
Determinism. Wannan tsarin ya tabbatar da cewa kowane harshe makale ya ke da al'adarsa. Misali duk kalmar da ta kebantu ga al'adar wasu jama'a na wata kasa ko nahiya to da wuya kuma wasu jama'ar daban su iya fassara ta a nasu harshe.
Dauki misalin snow, wadda ke ma'anar kankara da ke zuba a lokacin sanyi na shekara-shekara a kasashen Turai da Asiya.

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Da kuma iceberg wato kankarar da ke saman teku wadda kuma fiye da kashi 7 cikin 10 nata yana kasan ruwan. 

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Sai kuma ice wato kankara irin wadda kan fado lokacin ruwan sama kuma wadda akan samu a firiji.

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Duka wadannan nau'i ne na kankara amma kowace da sunanta snow, iceberg da kuma ice.
Dalilin ba su sunaye bamban na da alaka da al'adu da muhallan da suka fito amma mai fassara cikin harshen Hausa babu abinda ya iya face ya kira su da kankara kawai, sai fa idan zai bi da dan bayani don saukakewa mai karatu ko saurare gane bambancinsu.
Idan har mai yin fassara ya mallaki wannan basira cikin aikinsa, to babu shakka zai samu natsuwar isar da sako.

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Shin me yasa kalmar sanadi ta zama wata mai rudarwa ga masu fassarar labaru a rediyo?
Bari mu mayar da hankali a kan yadda masu fassara labarai a rediyo ke tuya su manta albasa. Ga wani dan misali:
"The flood causes the death of five year old child."

*"Ambaliyar ruwan ta yi sanadin rayuwar yaron dan shekara biyar.
Wannan fassara ba daidai ta ke ba, saboda babu yadda za a yi wani mutum ya iya sanadin rai?

Sanadin abu fa na ma'anar samar da shi ko kirkiro shi.
Dubi wannan jimla kuma:

"Kallau ne ya yi sanadin barin aikin Hankurau!"

A wannan jimla ta sama mun lura an yi amfani da kalmar "sanadi" amma kuma an hada ta da kora.

Idan misali ta koma haka fa?

"Kallau ne yayi sanadin aikin Hankurau"

Kenan a fili ta ke akwai bambanci tsakanin jimlar farko mai dauke da karin kalmar kora da kuma ta biyu mai dauke da kalmar "sanadi kawai.

Misali sanadin aure da sanadin mutuwar aure jimloli ne da suka bambanta ta kowane bangare kuma kishiyoyin juna ne.
Babban kuskure ne ka yi amfani da kalmar "sanadi" ba tare da goya mata abinda ya faru ba.
Ga yadda ya kamata fassarar ta kasance:

Sanadi korar dalibai ba sanadin dalibai ba.

Sanadin rasa rayukan jama'a ba sanadin rayukan jama'a ba.

Sanadin hauhawar farashi ba sanadin farashi ba.

Sanadin mutuwar aure ba sanadin aure ba.

A kan haka, kenan jimlarmu za ta koma: 
"Ambaliyar ruwan ta yi sanadin hallakar karamin yaro (n) dan shekara biyar".

Da haka mai saurare zai fahimci sanadin mutuwarsa ambaliyar ruwan ta yi ba sanadin rayuwarsa ba!

Wannan tukuici ne ga mai'akatan Sashen Hausa na BBC albarkacin cikarsa shekara 65 da kafuwa.

Bashir Ahmad Zubairu (Kasarawa) Danjarida ne a Najeria

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